The IPA has voiced concerns after Telefónica reversed its appointment of Publicis Groupe's ZenithOptimedia and hired Havas to handle its £200 million European media account after a process estimated to have cost agencies $4 million (£2.5 million). Paul Bainsfair, the IPA’s director-general, said: "The IPA New Business and Marketing Group would like to express concern over the reported outcome of this process… The impact of poor pitch practice on agencies can be far more crippling than many clients appreciate."