According to a recent survey by the Pew Research Center, reported by Rich Morin, Sr. Editor, the Great Recession brought a mix of hardships for 55% of Americans, usually in combination: a spell of
unemployment, missed mortgage or rent payments, shrinking paychecks and shattered household budgets. For the other 45% of the country, the recession was largely free of such difficulties. The
recession officially began in December 2007 and was recently determined to have ended in June 2009.
About 70% of retirees and other older adults largely held their own during the recession,
while a lopsided majority of 20-somethings did not. Easterners are significantly more likely than residents of the South, West or Midwest to have better weathered the economic storm. At the same time,
suburban and rural residents experienced fewer problems than city dwellers.
Republicans, too, are disproportionally represented among those who had an easier passage through hard times, while
Democrats and political independents are more likely to have lost ground. And as other research has consistently shown, a college diploma is a strong shield against hard times: nearly 60% of college
graduates count themselves among the 45% who experienced fewer difficulties during the recession, compared with 38% of those whose educational attainment was a high school diploma or less.
Losing Ground in the Great Recession |
Group | % Of Each Group Who Lost Ground |
All | 55% |
Gender | |
Men | 55 |
Women | 55 |
Age | |
18-29 | 69 |
30-49 | 60 |
50-64
| 55 |
65+ | 30 |
Ethnic Group | |
Whites | 50 |
Blacks | 66 |
Hispanics | 70 |
Education | |
College | 41 |
Some college | 59 |
HS or less | 62 |
Income | |
$100K+ | 32
|
$75K-$99K | 44 |
$50K-$74K | 49 |
$30K-$49k | 66 |
LT$30K | 72 |
Geographic
location | |
East | 47 |
Midwest | 57 |
South | 56 |
West | 57 |
City proximity | |
Urban | 60 |
Rural | 52 |
Suburban | 53 |
Political affiliation | |
Republicans | 49 |
Democrats | 57 |
Independents | 57 |
Source: PewResearchCenter, October 2010 |
Where you live is associated with how you have weathered the Great
Recession. About half of those living in the eastern United States were among those who Held their Ground, compared with slightly more than four-in-ten residents of the Midwest, South and East. About
six-in-ten city-dwellers were among those who Lost Ground, compared with 53% of all suburbanites and 52% of those who live in rural areas.
By most broad measures of economic well-being,
those who Held their Own and Americans who Lost Ground could hardly be more different, says the report. Among those who disproportionately experienced economic hardships during the recession, 54% say
they are just getting by or fall short of meeting their monthly expenses and more than 40% say the recession forced them to make "major" changes in the way they live.
In contrast,
80% of those who Held their Own during the recession say that they're "living comfortably" or that they have money left over each month after paying their bills. And unlike their less
fortunate counterparts, not a single one says the recession has forced major lifestyle changes.
What is striking, is the fact that the groups are roughly the same size yet the differences
between them are so great.
43% of adults who Lost Ground say they were unemployed at some point during the recession, compared with less than 1% of those who Held their Own. 35% of those who
Lost Ground had problems paying their rent or mortgage, while not a single one of those who Held their Own reported similar difficulties. No one who Held their Own during the recession reported having
trouble finding or paying for medical care, or having to borrow money from friends or family to pay bills, compared with 48% and 42%, respectively, of those who Lost Ground.
The Two Americas |
Group | % In Each Group Who: |
Held their Own Ground | Lost their Own Ground |
Were unemployed at some point during recession | 1% | 43% |
Say recession brought "major" changes to lives | 0 | 44 |
Had to borrowed money from friends/family to pay bills | 0 | 42 |
Had trouble finding or paying for medical care | 0 | 48 |
Had trouble paying rent or mortgage | 0 | 35 |
Say household finances "worse" now than before recession | 29 | 64 |
Say family income declined during recession | 14 | 48 |
Withdrew money from savings, retirement to pay bills | 19 | 60 |
Average number of hardships | 0.6 | 3.7 |
Source: PewResearchCenter, October
2010 |
Nearly half of those who Lost Ground say their family incomes declined during the recession, more than three times the proportion of those who Held
their Own. Similarly, nearly two-thirds of those who Lost Ground say their family's overall financial condition is worse now than it was before the recession.
19%)of those who Lost Ground
during the recession say they had to increase their credit card debt to pay their bills, compared with 4% of those who Held their Own. 74% of those who suffered the most during the recession say they
had to cancel or cut back on vacation travel, compared with 36% of those who Held their Own.
Different Groups, Different Impacts (% In Each Group Who Said Each Was The Biggest Impact Of The Recession On Their Lives.) |
Impact | Held their Own | Lost Ground |
Changed spending patterns | 51 | 33 |
Had financial problems | 11 | 21 |
Had employment problems | 10 | 21 |
Source: PewResearchCenter, October 2010 |
Those who Lost Ground are twice as likely as those who Held their Own to have cut back on the amount they
saved during the recession, and are significantly more likely to say they cut back on spending. When both groups were asked whether their total amount of personal debt in the form of credit card
bills, mortgage loans and other types of loans increased or decreased during the recession, those who Lost Ground were more than four times as likely to say they owed more during the recession than
before the downturn began.
More than half of homeowners who Lost Ground during the recession say the value of their home declined in the past 2½ years, compared with 43% of those who
Held their Own. While only 13% of all homeowners say their home increased in value, those who Held their Own are slightly more likely to report their house or condo is now worth more than it was
before the recession (15% vs. 10%).
However, 77% of those who Lost Ground during the recession agree that "buying a home is the best investment that the average person can make," a
belief they share with 83% of those who Held their Own during the recession.
Housing
Values Take a Hit |
Group | % In Each Group Who Say |
Held Their Own | Lost Ground |
Home declined in value | 43% | 53% |
Owe more than their home is currently worth | 14 | 29 |
Believe it will take longer than five years for their home value to recover | 34 | 43 |
Source: PewResearchCenter, October
2010 |
More than seven-in-ten respondents answered the question about specific problems. Like:
- "I lost my
job"
- "My sons have moved in because they could not find jobs"
- "Everybody is in a lot of stress"
- "I'm not in control of my
life"
- "We've had to cut back on luxuries and vacations"
- "We eat out less often and [spend] less money on entertainment"
51% of those who Held their Own say the single biggest adjustment they had made during the recession was to change their spending habits, compared with 33% of those who Lost Ground. In contrast,
those who Lost Ground during the recession were more likely to name a specific financial problem or a job- related hardship as the way the recession most affected them.
The report
summarizes the major findings of the impact of the recession on each group.
Holding their Own (45% of all adults) No members of this group say the recession has caused them to
make "major" changes in the way they live. About half (51%) say the recession changed the way they lived in "minor" ways, while 48% did not change the way they lived at all.
- No member of this group reports problems paying the rent or mortgage.
- None had to borrow money from friends or family to pay bills.
- No one in this group reports
problems finding or paying for medical care.
- Less than 1% were unemployed at some point during the recession.
- Only about one-in-seven (14%) say their family income declined during
recession.
- About two-in-ten (19%) say they withdrew money from savings, retirement to pay bills.
- About three-in-ten (29%) say their overall household finances are worse now than before
the recession.
Lost Ground (55% of all adults) More than four-in-ten (44%) say the recession has brought "major" changes in the way
they live, and 39% said it has caused them to make "minor" adjustments to their lifestyle. An additional 17% made no recession-related changes.
- More than a third
(35%) had trouble paying rent or mortgage.
- 42% had to borrow money from friends or family members.
- 48% had trouble finding or paying for medical care.
- 43% were unemployed at
some point during recession.
- Nearly half (48%) say their family income declined.
- 60% withdrew money from savings or retirement funds.
- Nearly two-thirds (64%) say household
finances are worse now than before the recession.
Please visit Pew Research here for access to the PDF file with more complete information as well as
more charts.