Mobile spending in western Europe is set to increase elevenfold to €19.2 billion in 2017, according to a study from Forrester. Last year, Europeans spent €1.7 billion on mobile purchases, or 1% of total online sales. By 2017, mobile will account for 6.8% of total online sales — lagging just slightly behind the U.S.. The figure includes retail products, services, gift cards, magazine subscriptions and purchases made for in-store pickup; it does not include digital content designed for immediate consumption (such as apps or ringtones), payments made at physical checkouts with phones (i.e.,NFC payments or checkout system Square) nor stock trades.