These disparities come into sharpest focus when survey respondents are asked about a series of negative benchmarks often associated with aging. In every instance, older adults who report experiencing illness, memory loss, an inability to drive, an end to sexual activity, a struggle with loneliness and depression, and difficulty paying bills are experiencing them at lower levels than younger adults expect to encounter them when they grow old.
At the same time, however, older adults report experiencing fewer of the benefits of aging that younger adults expect to enjoy when they grow old, such as spending more time with their family, traveling more for pleasure, having more time for hobbies, doing volunteer work or starting a second career.
These generation gaps in perception also extend to the most basic question of all about old age: When does it begin? Survey respondents ages 18 to 29 believe that the average person becomes old at age 60. Middle-aged respondents put the threshold closer to 70, and respondents ages 65 and above say that the average person does not become old until turning 74.
Nearly two-thirds of adults ages 18 to 29 believe that when someone "frequently forgets familiar names," that person is old. Less than half of all adults ages 30 and older agree.
Perceived "Old" (% of Survey Respondents) | |
Said to be old when: | % of Respondents |
Turns 85 | 79% |
Can't live independently | 76 |
Can't drive a car | 66 |
Turns 75 | 62 |
Forgets familiar names | 51 |
Finds health failing | 47 |
Trouble walking up stairs | 45 |
Bladder control problems | 42 |
Sexually inactive | 33 |
Turns 65 | 32 |
Retires | 23 |
Has grandchildren | 15 |
Has gray hair | 13 |
Source: PEW Research Center, June 2009 |
The survey findings confirm that the older people get, the younger they feel, relatively speaking.
In sync with this upbeat way of counting their felt age, older adults also have a count-my-blessings attitude when asked to look back over the full arc of their lives. Nearly half (45%) of adults ages 75 and older say their life has turned out better than they expected, while just 5% say it has turned out worse (the remainder say things have turned out the way they expected or have no opinion). All other age groups also tilt positive, but considerably less so, when asked to assess their lives so far against their own expectations.
About one in four adults ages 65 and older report experiencing memory loss. About one in five say they have a serious illness, are not sexually active, or often feel sad or depressed. About one in six report they are lonely or have trouble paying bills. One in seven cannot drive. One in ten say they feel they aren't needed or are a burden to others.
But when it comes to these and other potential problems related to old age, the share of younger and middle-aged adults who report expecting to encounter them is much higher than the share of older adults who report actually experiencing them.
Expectations vs. Actual Experience (% of Segment) | |||
Condition | Ages 18-64 Expect | Ages 65+ Experience | Point Gap |
Memory loss | 57% | 25% | 32 |
Not able to drive | 45 | 14 | 31 |
Serious illness | 42 | 21 | 21 |
Sexually inactive | 34 | 21 | 13 |
Sad or depressed | 29 | 20 | 9 |
Not needed | 29 | 9 | 20 |
Loneliness | 29 | 17 | 12 |
Trouble paying bills | 24 | 16 | 8 |
Being a burden | 24 | 10 | 14 |
Source: PEW Research Center, June 2009 |
Of all the good things about getting old, the best by far, according to older adults, is being able to spend more time with family members. In response to an open-ended question,
But American adults from young to old increasingly disagree today on social values ranging from religion to relationships, creating the largest generation gap since divisions 40 years ago over Vietnam, civil rights and women's liberation.
Asked to identify where older and younger people differ most, 47% said social values and morality. People age 18 to 29 were more likely to report disagreements over lifestyle, views on family, relationships and dating, while older people cited differences in a sense of entitlement. Those in the middle-age groups also often pointed to a difference in manners.
The generation gap in 2009 seems to be more tepid in nature than it was in the 1960s, says the report, when younger people built a defiant counterculture in opposing the Vietnam War and demanding equal rights for women and minorities.
Paul Taylor, director of the Pew Social and Demographic Trends Project, concludes: "... Today, it's more of a general outlook, a different point of view, a general set of moral values..."
Please visit PEW here for a very thorough report on growing older, and access a PDF file.